Developing Intelligent Assistants to Search for Content on Websites of a Certain Genre

This paper discusses an approach to automatic generation of intelligent assistants, which provide information search on the content of a website. A feature of the approach is to use genre models, developed for a given type of resource (educational, informational, etc.), on the basis of which the genre structuring and subsequent thematic clustering of the content of the target website is performed. The resulting genre structures allow us to define more precisely the boundaries of thematic clusters related to the topic of the user’s search query. The search quality evaluation for the Russian-language websites showed an F-score of 87.8% and originality of 80.9%, which exceeds the Yandex search engine results by 1.1% and 9.1%, respectively. In order to predict user information needs, a method for refining the resulting sample is proposed. It allows a user to get information implicitly, based on current and previous queries, about what the user was not satisfied with in the previous search results. A model of user’s search intentions has been developed and its computational component includes a method for evaluating query closeness based on the FRiS function. Based on the proposed methods, a chatbot was created on the Telegram messenger platform to search the websites of educational institutions. The experiments showed that the user needs the average of 1.75 qualifying questions to find the necessary information.This paper discusses an approach to automatic generation of intelligent assistants, which provide information search on the content of a website. A feature of the approach is to use genre models, developed for a given type of resource (educational, informational, etc.), on the basis of which the genre structuring and subsequent thematic clustering of the content of the target website is performed. The resulting genre structures allow us to define more precisely the boundaries of thematic clusters related to the topic of the user’s search query. The search quality evaluation for the Russian-language websites showed an F-score of 87.8% and originality of 80.9%, which exceeds the Yandex search engine results by 1.1% and 9.1%, respectively. In order to predict user information needs, a method for refining the resulting sample is proposed. It allows a user to get information implicitly, based on current and previous queries, about what the user was not satisfied with in the previous search results. A model of user’s search intentions has been developed and its computational component includes a method for evaluating query closeness based on the FRiS function. Based on the proposed methods, a chatbot was created on the Telegram messenger platform to search the websites of educational institutions. The experiments showed that the user needs the average of 1.75 qualifying questions to find the necessary information

The Discourse Personality of Politician Sergey Mikheyev with Regards to his Speech Behaviour

This paper presents the results of research into the linguistic personality of politician Sergey Mikheyev when viewed as a discourse personality. Special consideration has been given to the speech behaviour characteristic of a discourse personality. The paper presents the results of the cognitive-discursive and linguo-rhetorical description of a discourse personality.The relevance of this research is based on the growing interest for linguistic personality typology with regards to discourse (K. F. Sedov, V. I. Karasik, N. D. Golev, A. V. Bolotnov, et al.). A mixed type of political discourse that actualises both the personal and status factors of its formation was chosen as the object of analysis. The research focuses on semantic dominants and semantic constructs of the discourse behaviour of the Russian politician Sergey Mikheyev, as well as on the cognitive and linguo-rhetorical mechanisms of the interpretation of speech acts when viewed as elements of individual discourse behaviour. We define the linguo-rhetorical competence of the politician’s personality. The study is novel in that it identifies semantic dominants and semantic constructs found in Mikheyev’s discourse and uses an integrative approach to analysis (cognitive-discursive and linguo-rhetorical). It is proven that semantic dominants, constructs, and presuppositions manifest inventive mechanisms of individual discourse activity. We suggest defining the status of Mikheyev’s discourse personality as a mixed type of elitist linguistic personality that is pragmatically oriented. We prove that the discourse personality of Sergey Mikheyev is a prototype of a future successful politician’s linguistic personality. The paper presents the author’s original communicative competence system of S. Mikheyev’s discourse personality

Menadione Suppresses Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Activation of Cytochromes P450 1A : Insights into a Possible Molecular Mechanism

Oxidative reactions that are catalyzed by cytochromes P450 1A (CYP1A) lead to formation of carcinogenic derivatives of arylamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as the widespread environmental pollutant benzo(a) pyrene (BP). These compounds upregulate CYP1A at the transcriptional level via an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent signaling pathway. Because of the involvement of AhR-dependent genes in chemically induced carcinogenesis, suppression of this signaling pathway could prevent tumor formation and/or progression. Here we show that menadione (a water-soluble analog of vitamin K-3) inhibits BP-induced expression and enzymatic activity of both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in vivo (in the rat liver) and BP-induced activity of CYP1A1 in vitro. Coadministration of BP and menadione reduced DNA-binding activity of AhR and increased DNA-binding activity of transcription factors Oct-1 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), which are known to be involved in negative regulation of AhR-dependent genes, in vivo. Expression of another factor involved in downregulation of CYP1A-pAhR repressor (AhRR)-was lower in the liver of the rats treated with BP and menadione, indicating that the inhibitory effect of menadione on CYP1A is not mediated by this protein. Furthermore, menadione was well tolerated by the animals: no signs of acute toxicity were detected by visual examination or by assessment of weight gain dynamics or liver function. Taken together, our results suggest that menadione can be used in further studies on animal models of chemically induced carcinogenesis because menadione may suppress tumor formation and possibly progression.Peer reviewe

Overcoming COVID-19 impact in the EU: Supranational financial aspect

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an acute socio-economic crisis in the world, including in Europe. Anti-crisis measures at the supranational level are considered. The pandemic, which, after the Brexit decision, became another test for European integration, led to the development of a number of anti-crisis measures by the European Commission. On May 27, 2020, the European Commission presented a draft of measures to combat the pandemic, where the main role assigned to the EU Common Budget. The crisis has demonstrated that more funds and powers at the supranational level need to respond to emergencies. The Europeans were forced to take an unprecedented step - a possible “temporary increase in the Own resources ceiling,” which is legally limited and very slowly changing. The results of the meeting of the European Council in July 2020, dedicated to the Commission project were analyzed. A comparison made between the final indicators adopted at the Council, with the figures of the current Multiannual Financial Framework and the project of the European Commission for 2018-2020. Sources of financing for the European Economic Recovery Plan presented. The modern system of own resources does not contribute to the implementation of all the most important EU strategies and initiatives in the field of sustainable economic growth and development. New own resources will not only complement traditional ones, but also demonstrate priorities in the field of environmental policy and fair taxation. The Commission new project enhances the role of the Common Budget in integration and links it closely with the implementation of the long-term strategic priorities of the EU’s economic development. The conclusion is about the multi-vector impact of COVID-19. This force majeure circumstance, if the member states effectively unite their efforts to prepare the foundations for economic recovery, may become an impetus for further deepening European integration

Context-dependent Lexical and Syntactic Disambiguation in Ontology Population

Abstract. We suggest an approach to resolution of context-dependent lexical and syntactic ambiguity in a framework of ontology population from natural language texts. We show that a set of maximally determined ontology instances can be represented as a Scott information system with an entailment relation as a collection of information connections. Moreover, consistent primary lexical instances form FCA-concepts. These representations are used to justify correctness of lexical disambiguation and to define syntactic ambiguity and its resolution. This information system generates a multi-agent system in which agents resolve the ambiguity of both types

Исследование методологических проблем определения таможенной стоимости на основе реального экономического смысла совершаемых операций в целях формирования стратегии развития транснациональных компаний

Modern tax systems are characterized with the need for an economically justified and legally correct determination of the tax consequences of operations carried out in the context of the use of complex ambiguous models of contractual relations (business models). Taxation when using such models, as a rule, is accompanied by the need to conduct an analysis aimed at clarifying the essential economically justified reason of either the business model as a whole, or individual elements of the operations carried out, for example, the essence of certain payments made by the taxpayer or in his favor. The results of the preliminary analysis showed that one of the most relevant areas of research in this area is a set of issues related to the methodology for determining the customs value of goods as a basis for calculating customs duties. In some countries, it is one of the components of the tax base for value added tax and excise taxes paid as part of customs payments. At the same time, the study of both Russian and international experience shows the special significance of the scientific development of two directions in this area, namely: formation of methodological approaches to the concept of an actual buyer of goods, the customs value of which is determined; qualification based on the actual economically justified reason of individual payments, including those that are not formally included in the customs value of goods based on the principles formulated by the World Trade Organization. As part of the scientific development of the above questions, the results of which are presented in the article, the following research methods were used: analytical, graphic, generalization and economic modeling.Современные налоговые системы характеризуются необходимостью экономически обоснованного и юридически корректного определения налоговых последствий операций, осуществляемых в контексте использования сложных неоднозначных моделей договорных отношений (бизнес-моделей). Налогообложение при использовании таких моделей, как правило, сопровождается необходимостью проведения анализа, направленного на выяснение существенного экономически обоснованного основания либо бизнес-модели в целом, либо отдельных элементов осуществляемых операций, например сущности тех или иных выплат, производимых налогоплательщиком или в его пользу. Результаты предварительного анализа показали, что одним из наиболее актуальных направлений исследований в данной области является комплекс вопросов, связанных с методологией определения таможенной стоимости товаров в качестве базы для исчисления таможенных платежей. В некоторых странах она является одной из составляющих налоговой базы по налогу на добавленную стоимость и акцизам, уплачиваемым в составе таможенных платежей. Вместе с тем изучение как российского, так и зарубежного опыта показывает особую значимость научной разработки двух направлений в данной области, таких как: формирование методологических подходов к понятию фактического покупателя товаров, таможенная стоимость которых определяется; квалификация по фактическому экономически обоснованному основанию отдельных платежей, в том числе формально не включаемых в таможенную стоимость товаров на основе принципов, сформулированных Всемирной торговой организацией. Применены методы исследования: аналитический, графический, обобщения и экономического моделирования

Characterization of Multiphase Oxide Layer Formation on Micro and Nanoscale Iron Particles

The article presents a detailed study and characterization of the oxide layers on the surface of iron particles of various sizes. Ten iron samples with a size range from a few nm to 50 µm were studied in detail using SEM, TEM, XRD, and TGA analysis. The composition of the multiphase oxide layers on the powder surface was investigated. The main components of the oxide layer were FeO, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3. By the obtained data, a model for the calculation of a multiphase oxide layer thickness on the surface of iron particles was proposed. The proposed model was validated and can be used for the characterization and certification of micro– and nanoscale iron particles

X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Features of Micro- and Nanoscale Copper and Nickel Particle Compositions

The study is devoted to X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) features of micro- and nanosized powder mixtures of copper and nickel. XRF is a high accuracy method that allows for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. However, the XRF measurement error due to the size of the studied particles is not usually taken into account, which limits the use of the method in some cases, such as analysis of Ni-Cu mixtures and coatings. In this paper, a method for obtaining copper and nickel nanoparticles was investigated, and the XRF of powder compositions was considered in detail. The initial micro- and nanoparticles of copper and nickel were studied in detail using SEM, TEM, XRD, and EDX. Based on experimental data, calibration curves for copper-nickel powder compositions of various sizes were developed. According to the results, it was experimentally established that the calibration curves constructed for nanoscale and microscale powders differ significantly. The presented approach can be expanded for other metals and particle sizes